Which encoding method digitizes analog signals by sampling and quantizing amplitude?

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Digitizing an analog signal involves turning a continuous waveform into a stream of numbers through sampling and quantization. In this process, the signal’s amplitude is measured at regular time intervals (sampling), and each measured value is snapped to the nearest level in a finite set (quantization). Those quantized values are then encoded into binary form, producing a digital representation. This method is Pulse Code Modulation, widely used for converting voice in telecom systems. The sampling rate must be high enough to capture the signal accurately (at least twice the highest frequency, per Nyquist) to avoid distortion from aliasing. In traditional telephone PCM, you often see 8 kHz sampling with 8-bit samples, giving about 64 kbps per channel. The other options aren’t about converting analog signals to digital: one is a metric of signal quality (SNR), one is a duplexing capability (Full-Duplex), and one is a type of conduit for cables (Solid Metallic Conduit).